The History of Social Psychology. The science of social psychology began when scientists first started to systematically and formally measure the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of human beings (Kruglanski & Stroebe, 2011). The earliest social psychology experiments on group behavior were conducted before 1900 (Triplett, 1898), and the first ... The Psychology Department is committed to excellence in teaching, research, and service. Its purposes are to offer students a firm grounding in the discipline; to contribute to the liberal education goals of the University; to provide the community with people trained to apply psychological principles constructively; to prepare students for advanced study; to contribute to the advancement of ... Psychology Internship Workshop (In-Person) Wednesday, April 3, 2024, 4:30 pm - 5:30 pm CST. Cost: Free. Location: Elliott Hall N219. In collaboration with Research in Psychology Week (details to be shared in the Psych Scoop at a later date), the Psychology Undergraduate Advising Office is hosting a Virtual and in-person …Research in the CAB program is organized around two main areas: Cognition: affective neuroscience, learning, memory, and decision making. Perception: computational, neural, and behavioral aspects of vision and hearing, including sensory loss. CAB faculty are highly collaborative, offering opportunities to work across labs within psychology. Department. The online Psychology major is designed for students with an associate of arts (AA) degree or who have completed the Minnesota Transfer Curriculum (MTC). Students get a firm grounding in methods, history, and content areas of psychology, preparing them for graduate study or for paraprofessional positions requiring application of ... Honors Students: fill out the Honors BS Planning Sheet. Attend the 40-minute major declaration appointment with a psychology advisor. For the appointment, you must email a copy of the Educational Planning Questionnaire to [email protected]. IMPORTANT: If you do not provide the completed materials, you will be asked to reschedule your … Admission Requirements. Any student may be admitted to the department as a Pre-psychology major. Students who have completed General Psychology (PSY 1003), have at least 24 total credits, and have a minimum GPA of 2.50 (minimum GPA of 2.0 starting Fall 2024) may declare Psychology as their major. Students who wish to pursue the B.A.S. degree in ... The psychological techniques used to influence us are neither as precise nor as powerful as Cambridge Analytica bosses have promised. Yet. Cambridge Analytica talks a big talk. “We...Cognitive and Brain Sciences. Learn more about Cognitive and Brain Sciences graduate program. Attention, Memory, and Cognition Lab. Principal Investigator: Vanessa Lee. Auditory Perception and Cognition Lab. Principal Investigator: Andrew Oxenham. Computational Vision Lab. Principal Investigator: Dan Kersten. Decision Making Lab.The Department of Psychology at the University of Minnesota strongly values cultural and individual diversity and the importance of equitable access to educational opportunities. …Introduction to Psychology utilizes the dual theme of behavior and empiricism to make psychology relevant to intro students. This book help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. Psychology matters because it helps us understand behavior and that our knowledge of psychology is …The Psychology PhD may be completed jointly with a doctor of law (JD) from the University of Minnesota Law School. Prospective students must apply to and be accepted by both the Psychology PhD program and the University of Minnesota Law School (either during the same admission cycle or in a different year). Admitted students work closely with ...Associate Director of Curriculum & Instruction. S257 EltH | 626-1732. [email protected]. Heidi Wolff. Curriculum and Graduate Services Specialist. S258 EltH | 624-5002. [email protected]. Silke Moeller. Funding. Year 1: $1,000 award from the UMN Tri Psych Diversity Fund to MD and KC. Year 2 (spring/summer): $1,200 award from the ICD Howard Diversity Award to MD. Year 2 (fall/spring): PSU TAship to Marisa Lytle who is assisting with coordinating NPSP. Year 2 and onward: Yearly $7,000 (possibly up to ~13k) from UMN Tri Psych. Learning Abroad in this Major. An experience abroad is a great way to complete requirements while engaging in new cultures. Focuses on development from the prenatal period to maturity in the areas of cognition, ethology, genetics, language, learning, perception, and social behavior.The Psych Scoop is sent to all Psychology Undergraduate students and alumni every Tuesday throughout the academic school year. Share your news with [email protected]! Psychology Advising Announcements. Current majors are expected to know the announcements in the advising announcement section. …These are just a few of the questions that have been asked by psychologists since the birth of the field as an area of scientific research in the 1870’s. This text surveys the basic concepts, theories, and pivotal findings over the past 100 years in the science of Psychology, with special emphasis on contemporary concepts and …Associate Director of Curriculum & Instruction. S257 EltH | 626-1732. [email protected]. Heidi Wolff. Curriculum and Graduate Services Specialist. S258 EltH | 624-5002. [email protected]. Silke Moeller.Dec 15, 2023 · The NOBA Project is a growing collection of expert-authored, open-licensed modules in psychology, funded by the Diener Education Fund. From these open modules, Tori Kearns and Deborah Lee created an arranged open textbook for her introductory psychology class. This textbook was created under a Round One ALG Textbook Transformation Grant. Some examples of pseudo psychology are astrology, palmistry, graphology and phrenology. Pseudo psychology is sometimes associated with fraudulent practices, but by definition, pseu... Psych Scoop Newsletter. The Psych Scoop is sent to all psychology undergraduate students and alumni every Tuesday throughout the academic school year. Share your news with us by filling out the Google Form! To subscribe to the Psych Scoop, click on "Join Group" on Google Groups . To unsubscribe yourself from the Psych Scoop ( ***Current majors ... Introduction to Psychology. PSY 1001, 4 credits. Faculty Coordinator: Randy Fletcher. Faculty Coordinator Assistant: Grace Vieth. Sponsoring U of M Department: Department of Psychology (College of Liberal Arts) Fulfills U of M Requirement (s): Liberal Education —Social Science Core. Teacher Applications: Check the Applicant Handbook for details.Courses. We offer a rotating selection of graduate-level courses (5000-level and 8000-level) each fall and spring semester. Courses are offered by all seven areas of specialization each semester and include seminars addressing theory, methods, and practice. Many courses are responsive to innovations in subfields of psychology … Cognitive and Brain Sciences. Learn more about Cognitive and Brain Sciences graduate program. Attention, Memory, and Cognition Lab. Principal Investigator: Vanessa Lee. Auditory Perception and Cognition Lab. Principal Investigator: Andrew Oxenham. Computational Vision Lab. Principal Investigator: Dan Kersten. Decision Making Lab. Questions can be directed to [email protected]. 4. Getting Started with Psychology Research: Info Sessions. Monday, November 13, 3:15 pm- 4:30 pm / N668 Elliott Hall Tuesday, November 28, 12:30 pm- 1:45 pm / N219 Elliott Hall Thursday, December 7, 12:30 pm- 1:45 pm / N219 Elliott Hall Cost: Free Location: …it briefly outlines some factors drawn from psychology and sociology that make security costly to implement, and thus require the economic tradeoffs that we observe being made. It also helps explain how we manage to live with insecure systems. The basic problem of information security is that people and formal meth …Emma Birkmaier Education Leadership Professor, school psychology program coordinator; she, her, hers; 612-626-7221; [email protected] ; The overarching goal of my professional activities is to improve the educational experiences and outcomes of children and youth from minoritized backgrounds.it briefly outlines some factors drawn from psychology and sociology that make security costly to implement, and thus require the economic tradeoffs that we observe being made. It also helps explain how we manage to live with insecure systems. The basic problem of information security is that people and formal meth …These are just a few of the questions that have been asked by psychologists since the birth of the field as an area of scientific research in the 1870’s. This text surveys the basic concepts, theories, and pivotal findings over the past 100 years in the science of Psychology, with special emphasis on contemporary concepts and …The fundamental basics of Biological Psychology have been relatively stable for a lot of years. This text goes beyond the fundamental basics to include newer research in specialized areas. Clarity rating: 5 As long as you can ignore the British English, the text is very readable;). All jests aside, the writing seems to be digestible for ...Class Description: Instructor: Jonathan Gewirtz. The course begins with brief overviews of the structure of the central nervous system, basic principles of nervous conduction and synaptic transmission, neurotransmitter systems, and basic techniques used in biological psychology research. We will then review current knowledge on the biological ...GRE Requirements by Area of Specialization. As you prepare to apply, make sure you understand whether the area of specialization you are applying to requires, considers, or excludes the GRE General test and GRE Psychology Subject test for 2024 admissions. Guidance on taking the GRE and submitting your scores is available from the Graduate …The Master of Arts in Psychological Science (MAPS) program is a 2 year, full-time, in-person program with three integrated tracks: Experimental Psychology. Clinical …Sentience is an online academic journal for papers describing research in Psychology that are written by undergraduate students at the University of Minnesota. Sentience accepts manuscripts from students on the Twin Cities, Duluth, and Morris campuses. Sentience currently accepts Editorial Board applications …The fundamental basics of Biological Psychology have been relatively stable for a lot of years. This text goes beyond the fundamental basics to include newer research in specialized areas. Clarity rating: 5 As long as you can ignore the British English, the text is very readable;). All jests aside, the writing seems to be digestible for ...All application materials should be sent to the CSPR Program Specialist, Darian Schwietz ([email protected]), before the deadline. Norman and Edith Garmezy Fellowship Application Each year the Norman and Edith Garmezy Fellowship is awarded to at least one full-time APCS student based on a record of excellence in psychological clinical science.PsyREP. The Research Experience Program. at the Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota. Active Studies How REP Works. Welcome! We are excited you are here …Some examples of pseudo psychology are astrology, palmistry, graphology and phrenology. Pseudo psychology is sometimes associated with fraudulent practices, but by definition, pseu...The NOBA Project is a growing collection of expert-authored, open-licensed modules in psychology, funded by the Diener Education Fund. From these open modules, Tori Kearns and Deborah Lee created an arranged open textbook for her introductory psychology class. This textbook was created under a Round One ALG Textbook …Find the best online doctorate in organizational psychology degree programs with our list of top-rated schools that offer accredited online programs. Updated June 2, 2023 thebestsc...What to expect. The counselor education program is a two-year, full-time program. You’ll study individual, group, and family counseling, research and evaluation, counseling theory, human growth and development, diagnostic assessment, social and cultural foundations, ethics, and career development.The History of Social Psychology. The science of social psychology began when scientists first started to systematically and formally measure the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of human beings (Kruglanski & Stroebe, 2011). The earliest social psychology experiments on group behavior were conducted before 1900 (Triplett, 1898), and the first ...Wednesday, March 27th, 2024, 1:00 pm – 3:00 pm CST. Cost: Free. Location: 1st Floor Elliott Hall Lobby. Join Psych Advising and research faculty at the Research in Psychology Fair. Students will have the opportunity to chat with some of our faculty, labs, and psychology advisors about research around the Department of Psychology.Some examples of pseudo psychology are astrology, palmistry, graphology and phrenology. Pseudo psychology is sometimes associated with fraudulent practices, but by definition, pseu... Cognitive and Brain Sciences. Learn more about Cognitive and Brain Sciences graduate program. Attention, Memory, and Cognition Lab. Principal Investigator: Vanessa Lee. Auditory Perception and Cognition Lab. Principal Investigator: Andrew Oxenham. Computational Vision Lab. Principal Investigator: Dan Kersten. Decision Making Lab. Oct 26, 2015 · Introduction to Psychology utilizes the dual theme of behavior and empiricism to make psychology relevant to intro students. This book help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. Psychology matters because it helps us understand behavior and that our knowledge of psychology is based on empirical study. School Psychology. Admissions. School psychology: MA/specialist certificate and PhD admissions. Timeline. Before you apply. September: Applications open. December: …The sport and exercise psychology emphasis area explores the thoughts, feelings, and actions of people in physical activity contexts. Research in this area focuses on participants of competitive sport, exercise and fitness, sports medicine and rehabilitation, physical education, and health and wellness. Students will seek to understand the ...Research in Psychology Fair. Wednesday, March 27th, 2024, 1:00 pm – 3:00 pm CST. Cost: Free. Location: 1st Floor Elliott Hall Lobby. Join Psych Advising and research faculty at the Research in Psychology Fair. Students will have the opportunity to chat with some of our faculty, labs, and psychology advisors about research around the ...The Bachelor of Applied Science (B.A.Sc.) in Psychology (Online) focuses on providing students with a firm grounding in the field of psychology. It encourages students to embrace diverse theoretical perspectives and ideas, to develop skills in independent inquiry, and to constructively and ethically apply psychological principles.The major prepares …Covers the fields of science, technology, medicine, social sciences, and arts and humanities. Web of Science. A comprehensive interdisciplinary collection of journal … The I-O Psychology program at Minnesota has long maintained a reputation as one of the top three I-O Ph.D. programs in the United States. Current and former Minnesota faculty and students have won over 80 awards, prizes, grants, and other recognitions from the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP), our field’s primary ... Are you considering pursuing a psychology degree? With the rise of online education, you now have the option to earn your degree from the comfort of your own home. However, before ...Wednesday, March 27th, 2024, 1:00 pm – 3:00 pm CST. Cost: Free. Location: 1st Floor Elliott Hall Lobby. Join Psych Advising and research faculty at the Research in Psychology Fair. Students will have the opportunity to chat with some of our faculty, labs, and psychology advisors about research around the Department of Psychology.Mar 19, 2024 · Part of the Building the Future: Four Areas of Excellence at UMN Psychology Colloquium Series. More Events The content included in Recent News does not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Psychology, the University of Minnesota, or other psychology community members. Why study school psychology at the University of Minnesota? Challenging, cutting edge training preparation with a focus on justice and equity. 100% of our students are …Fundamentals of Psychological Disorders (formerly Abnormal Psychology) is an Open Education Resource written by Alexis Bridley, Ph.D. and Lee W. Daffin Jr., Ph.D. through Washington State University. The book tackles the difficult topic of mental disorders in 15 modules and is updated through the DSM-5-TR. This journey starts by discussing …Mar 19, 2024 · Part of the Building the Future: Four Areas of Excellence at UMN Psychology Colloquium Series. More Events The content included in Recent News does not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Psychology, the University of Minnesota, or other psychology community members. Panic-buying is a very real human response to natural disasters or other situations where there is a feeling of a loss of control. The psychology of panic buying often has more to ...Friday, April 26, 2024, 4:30 pm - 5:30 pm CST. Cost: Free. Location: Coffman Memorial Union, Mississippi Room. Psychology majors who have applied for Spring and Summer 2024 graduation should have received an email invitation to the 2024 Psychology Senior Spectacular.Sports Medicine Psychology encompasses multidisciplinary theory, research, and practice in the psychological, behavioral and social aspects of injury prevention and injury experiences among physically active populations across the lifespan. Our Sports Medicine Psychology Lab group studies psychological and social factors …Maya is a second year Social Psychology PhD student with an interest in vaccination, decision making, and health behavior interventions. Maya works with Drs. Alex Rothman and Traci Mann. ... [email protected]. 612-625-2020. Make a Gift. Find information on ways to give to the College of Liberal Arts GiveEmma Birkmaier Education Leadership Professor, school psychology program coordinator; she, her, hers; 612-626-7221; [email protected] ; The overarching goal of my professional activities is to improve the educational experiences and outcomes of children and youth from minoritized backgrounds. The schools of psychology that we will review are summarized in Table 1.2 “The Most Important Approaches (Schools) of Psychology”, and Figure 1.5 “Timeline Showing Some of the Most Important Psychologists” presents a timeline of some of the most important psychologists, beginning with the early Greek philosophers and extending to the ... Social psychological approaches to self-regulation: Processes of goal setting and goal striving: with de Ridder, D., & Fujita, K., American Psychological Association, Mann, Traci, Health Psychology, 32, 487-498, 2013. Promoting Public Health in the Context of the “Obesity Epidemic”: False Starts and Promising New Directions.All application materials should be sent to the CSPR Program Specialist, Darian Schwietz ([email protected]), before the deadline. Norman and Edith Garmezy Fellowship Application Each year the Norman and Edith Garmezy Fellowship is awarded to at least one full-time APCS student based on a record of excellence in psychological clinical science. Department of Psychology. N218 Elliott Hall 75 East River Parkway ... Public Website Phone: (612) 625-2818 Fax: (612) 626-2079 Main Office Email: [email protected] ... The schools of psychology that we will review are summarized in Table 1.2 “The Most Important Approaches (Schools) of Psychology”, and Figure 1.5 “Timeline Showing Some of the Most Important Psychologists” presents a timeline of some of the most important psychologists, beginning with the early Greek philosophers and extending to the ...The Department of Psychology at the University of Minnesota attracts the very best and brightest graduate students from across the globe. Read about the research initiatives and cultural appeal that drew these students to Minnesota. ... [email protected]. 612-625-2818. Newsletter. Sign up to receive Brain Wave, Psychology's weekly news digest ... Chapter 1. Introducing Psychology. Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. The word “psychology” comes from the Greek words “psyche,” meaning life, and “logos,” meaning explanation. Psychology is a popular major for students, a popular topic in the public media, and a part of our everyday lives. For more information about Psychology Department scholarships and awards, please contact Mike Houlahan at [email protected]. Psychology scholarships and awards are processed through your University of Minnesota student account. These may affect other financial support you have received as a University student. Caregiver-implemented Communication Interventions for Children 18 through 48 Months of Age. Kirstin E Kuchler (Speaker), Lizbeth H Finestack (Speaker), Marianne Elmquist (Speaker), Amy L Riegelman (Speaker), Scott E Marsalis (Speaker), Andrea L Ford (Speaker) & Betul Cakir Dilek (Speaker) Nov 18 2021. Activity: Talk types › …Qualitative research is an important alternative to quantitative research in psychology. It generally involves asking broader research questions, collecting more detailed data (e.g., interviews), and using nonstatistical analyses. Many researchers conceptualize quantitative and qualitative research as complementary and advocate combining them.Brush up on these psychological principles of human behavior to help improve your marketing. Trusted by business builders worldwide, the HubSpot Blogs are your number-one source fo...Curriculum. Our goal in the graduate training program in social psychology is to prepare students to test, refine, and develop theory by means of rigorous empirical research, and to apply social-psychological constructs, findings, and theory to issues and problems of practical social import. Toward that end, we expose students to classic and ...Dr. Lara LaCaille & Dr. Rick LaCaille - The Healthy Living and Learn (H2L) Lab The Healthy Living and Learning (H2L) lab at UMD examines the intersection of psychology with health and learning. A primary emphasis within the lab is placed upon how self-regulation affects mental and physical health. In particular, we …The Department of Psychology in the College of Liberal Arts is accepting applications for part-time lecturers to teach courses that may occur in Fall 2023 (August 28, 2023 - January 10, 2024), Spring 2024 (January 11, 2023 - May 26, 2024), or the Summer 2024 session. The Psychology Department occasionally needs lecturers to teach courses that ...Psychology 2e is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies and current and emerging research. The text also includes coverage of the DSM …Courses. We offer a rotating selection of graduate-level courses (5000-level and 8000-level) each fall and spring semester. Courses are offered by all seven areas of specialization each semester and include seminars addressing theory, methods, and practice. Many courses are responsive to innovations in subfields of psychology … Industrial/Organizational Psychology (I-O) Personality, Individual Differences, and Behavior Genetics (PIB) ... [email protected]. 612-625-2818. Newsletter. Psychological science is at the core of the psychology program at UMN Morris. Our comprehensive psychology curriculum focuses on understanding and applying the scientific method to the problems of individual and social human behavior. After completing the psychology program, you will be fully prepared for a wide range of careers or further ... To sign up for a first-time sport psychology session, please click HERE. Contact | Staff List. Intercollegiate Athletics. 293 Rooms A, B, D Bierman Field Athletic Building. 516 15th Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Fax: 612-624-7955. 1 / 2. . Additional support and affinity groups include: This course presents the unique opportunity to gain firsthand experience in the research lab of a distinguished Psychology faculty member and is the most common way undergraduate psychology students engage in research. It is required for those pursuing a BS and is highly recommended for all psychology majors. What to Expect. +. Feb 20, 2024 · If you are interested, please fill out this application by 11:59 PM on Monday, February 26th. Feel free to email [email protected] if you have any additional questions. 6. The History of Black Psychologists. Tuesday, February 20, 2024, 5:00 pm - 6:00 pm CST. Psychology PhD. Grad Minor in Psychology; Joint PhD/JD Program; Non-degree Graduate Credit; Areas of Specialization; Accreditation; Courses; How to Apply; Funding …Earning a psychology degree online is becoming an increasingly popular option for those seeking to enter the field. With the flexibility and convenience of online education, more a...Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience. The Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience emphasizes a holistic approach to child and adolescent care with focus on family and community contexts. Our division is comprised of three sections: Pediatric Psychology, Pediatric Neuropsychology, and Autism and Development Disorder.With a major for every interest and faculty ready to inspire your thinking, the University of Minnesota Twin Cities is your opportunity to move beyond what you know. And to discover what you don’t. Academics and Admissions Student Life. Undergraduate Graduate Hybrid or Online. “I chose the U of M because it had the perfect mix of big-city ...The objectives of psychology are to learn about the mind’s subconscious, the mind’s consciousness and the reasons for human behavior. One aspect of psychology is the classification...If you become aware of an admit being pressured by someone at the UMN or another institution, email the ADGS for assistance. Infractions are reported to the Office of Graduate Admissions. ... Information about the current admissions cycle is maintained via a Shared Google Drive, titled Psychology Graduate Admissions Fall [year]. All faculty ...
The Department of Psychology offers a 3 credit internship course to pair with your internship experience - the course is taught completely online. PSY 3896: Internships in Psychology course allows students to earn elective credit toward their psychology major. The PSY 3896 course is currently offered in the Fall and Spring semesters only. . Amc stream
[email protected]. Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences. 115 Shevlin Hall. 164 Pillsbury Dr SE. Minneapolis, MN 55455. Curriculum Vitae.Department. Psychology. College: College of Education and Human Service Professions. https://cehsp.d.umn.edu. About this Program. The Bachelor of Applied Science …Neuroscience. Social psychology. Mental health of children and families. Addictive behavior. Psychophysiology, and more. Is this program for you? Psychology online …Mar 19, 2024 · Part of the Building the Future: Four Areas of Excellence at UMN Psychology Colloquium Series. More Events The content included in Recent News does not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Psychology, the University of Minnesota, or other psychology community members. For more information about Psychology Department scholarships and awards, please contact Mike Houlahan at [email protected]. Psychology scholarships and awards are processed through your University of Minnesota student account. These may affect other financial support you have received as a University student. If you have questions about your preparation for the capstone course, please email [email protected]. Capstone Options. Psychology BA majors may select between three experiences, including a research laboratory capstone (PSY 3901W), individual interest capstone (PSY 3902W), and community engagement capstone (PSY 3903W). Earning a psychology degree online is becoming an increasingly popular option for those seeking to enter the field. With the flexibility and convenience of online education, more a...The Department of Psychology at the University of Minnesota strongly values cultural and individual diversity and the importance of equitable access to educational opportunities. …Psychological science is at the core of the psychology program at UMN Morris. Our comprehensive psychology curriculum focuses on understanding and applying the scientific method to the problems of …School Psychology. Admissions. School psychology: MA/specialist certificate and PhD admissions. Timeline. Before you apply. September: Applications open. December: …Caregiver-implemented Communication Interventions for Children 18 through 48 Months of Age. Kirstin E Kuchler (Speaker), Lizbeth H Finestack (Speaker), Marianne Elmquist (Speaker), Amy L Riegelman (Speaker), Scott E Marsalis (Speaker), Andrea L Ford (Speaker) & Betul Cakir Dilek (Speaker) Nov 18 2021. Activity: Talk types › …Our focus: preparing the next generation of researchers and scientist-practitioners with degrees in psychological foundations of education, quantitative methods in education, …Department of Educational Psychology. 250 Education Sciences Bldg. 56 East River Road. Minneapolis, MN 55455. P: 612-624-6083 | F: 612-624-8241. UMN Ed Psych provides training in the cognitive, emotional, and social learning processes that underlie education and human development across the lifespan. As a school psychology student, you'll learn the foundations of psychology and school psychological research. Your training in research-based prevention, intervention, consultation, and assessment will prepare you to work with teachers, caregivers, community members, and staff to help students thrive and to support social justice by dismantling ... We invite applications to our online MA program every year. You’re eligible to apply if you’ve completed: a bachelor’s degree or equivalent, earned prior to the summer start of the MA program. Preferred GPA: 3.00. at least one psychology course (lifespan, child, or developmental psychology preferred) or human development course, grade B ....